Comparing Satisfaction Among Providers Treating Both Pediatric and Adult Otolaryngology Patients.

Objective: Although pediatric otolaryngology providers are reported to garner lower patient satisfaction than adults, this difference is not well characterized. This study investigates whether patient satisfaction differences exist in providers who treat both pediatric and adult patients. Study Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Tertiary medical center. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Press Ganey surveys (PGS) completed by patients or parents on their first-time visit with 5 general otolaryngology providers from July 2014 to March 2022 were analyzed. Surveys were categorized by child (<18 years old) or adult and consisted of 14 items including 6 service domains of access, visit, nursing, provider, personal issues, and assessment. Analysis was performed with Walsh's t test and analysis of variance. Multivariable logistic regression, controlling for wait times and provider, evaluated the likelihood of highest satisfaction scores (HI-SCORES) based on age. Results: A total of 2549 patients (135 pediatric, 2414 adults) completed the PGS on their initial visit. There was no significant difference in the mean overall satisfaction scores between pediatric and adult patients. Further analysis of service domains among pediatric patients found the mean score in the access domain to be higher for the 6- to 11-year-old age group (0-5 years old: 85.5 ± 20.5 [mean ± SD], 6-11 years old: 94.7 ± 11.5, 12-17 years old: 87.3 ± 15.4, P = .03). Pediatric patients did not have a significantly higher likelihood (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.8-1.6, P > .05) of reporting HI-SCORES compared to adults after covariate adjustment. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction scores for providers who treat pediatric and adult patients utilizing the same facility and scheduling team.

Systemic Bevacizumab for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Single Institution's Experience.

OBJECTIVES: Medical therapies to limit disease recurrence are critically needed for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Systemic bevacizumab is emerging as an exciting adjuvant therapy toward this end, but uptake has been poor due to the lack of experience and awareness of best prescribing practices. The objective of this study was to describe a single tertiary care academic medical center's experience using systemic bevacizumab for the treatment of RRP. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients with RRP on systemic bevacizumab. Demographic and clinical characteristics, findings on imaging reports, and disease response at all anatomic subsites involved in papilloma were documented. RESULTS: Of the 17 RRP patients on systemic bevacizumab, 9 (52.9%) were male, and 12 (70.6%) were diagnosed with juvenile-onset RRP. The total lifetime number of surgeries was high, with more than half (n = 9; 52.9%) undergoing more than 50 surgeries. Following induction of systemic bevacizumab, a significant reduction in patients with laryngeal (n = 15; 94.1% vs. n = 7; 41.2%, p < 0.001) and tracheal (n = 11; 64.7% vs. n = 5; 29.4%, p = 0.04) RRP was noted. Surgical frequency was significantly lower following systemic bevacizumab (2.5 vs. 0.5 surgeries per year; p < 0.001). The most common complications were new-onset hypertension (n = 4; 23.5%) and proteinuria (n = 5; 29.4%). CONCLUSION: Systemic bevacizumab is effective in reducing the number of surgeries needed for RRP while exhibiting a relatively safe complication profile. Papillomas in the larynx and trachea are most responsive to systemic bevacizumab, while pulmonary RRP is most likely to exhibit a partial-to-stable response. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Association Between Hearing Difficulty and Mobility in Adults of All Ages: National Health Interview Survey.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between hearing difficulty and measures of mobility for US adults. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: 2021 National Health Interview Survey. METHODS: The survey asked US adults about hearing difficulty and mobility measures, including difficulty walking 100 yards, difficulty climbing 12 steps, and injury from falling within the past 3 months. Multivariable logistic regressions examined the associations between hearing and mobility outcomes, controlling for visual difficulty, medical comorbidities, and various demographic characteristics (age [18-39, 40-64, 65+], race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status). RESULTS: The 2021 NHIS surveyed 29,467 adults, representing 253 million people in weighted responses (52% female; mean age 48.3, standard deviation = 18.6). Controlling for covariates, hearing difficulty was associated with increased odds of difficulty walking 100 yards (odds ratio, OR = 1.47, P < .001), difficulty climbing stairs (OR = 1.62, P < .001), and injury from falling in the past 3 months (OR = 1.51, P < .001). There was a significant interaction between age and hearing difficulty for injurious falls; stratifying by age revealed that younger adults (ages 18-39) with hearing difficulty were more likely to report recent harmful falls than their normal hearing peers; this increased risk was greater in magnitude than that observed comparing older adults with and without hearing difficulty. CONCLUSION: The hearing difficulty is associated with worsened mobility for US adults and may be a stronger independent predictor of injury from falls for younger adults as compared to older adults. These findings can inform interventions to reduce the burden of declining mobility in adults with hearing difficulty.

Evaluation of Parental Perspectives and Concerns about Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: A Social Media Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Parents often experience uncertainty during decision-making for their child's cochlear implantation (CI) surgery, and online forums provide insight on parental opinions that might not be expressed in clinic. This study aims to evaluate parental perspectives and concerns about pediatric CI using social media analysis. STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative study. SETTING: Three online forums involving parental posts about pediatric CI. INTERVENTION/METHODS: Forums were queried using keywords (e.g., "cochlear implant") to gather all U.S. parent-initiated posts about pediatric CI from 2006 to 2021. Thematic content analysis was performed to classify posts by overarching domain, themes, and subthemes. Posts were reviewed for thematic synthesis and double coded. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each theme by unique users. RESULTS: A total of 79 posts by 41 unique users were analyzed. Themes relating to decision for CI included facilitators, inhibitors, resources, and feelings. Parents posted about lack of benefit from hearing aids promoting decision for CI and high cost as an inhibitor. Some expressed concern about making a major decision for a minor. Parents often mentioned their child's healthcare providers and social media as resources. CONCLUSION: Through social media posts, parental priorities and concerns for decision-making of CI surgery were identified. Findings may guide discussions between physicians and parents and facilitate shared decision-making about CI.

Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of chronic knee joint pain: a real-world cohort study with evaluation of prognostic factors.

BACKGROUND: Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation (GNRFA) is an effective treatment for chronic knee pain. However, there has been minimal investigation of real-world, long-term outcomes and factors that predict treatment success after GNRFA. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of GNRFA for chronic knee pain in a real-world population and identify predictive factors. METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent GNRFA at a tertiary academic center were identified. Demographic, clinical, and procedural characteristics were collected from the medical record. Outcome data were numeric rating scale (NRS) pain reduction and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Data were collected by standardized telephone survey. Predictors of success were evaluated with logistic and Poisson regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the 226 total patients identified, 134 (65.6 ± 12.7; 59.7% female) were successfully contacted and analyzed, with a mean follow-up time of 23.3 ± 11.0 months. Of those, 47.8% (n = 64; 95% CI: 39.5%-56.2%) and 61.2% (n = 82; 95% CI: 52.7%-69.0%) reported ≥50% NRS score reduction and ≥2-point NRS score reduction, respectively, and 59.0% (n = 79; 95% CI: 50.5%-66.9%) reported "much improved" on the PGIC questionnaire. Factors associated with a greater likelihood of treatment success (P < .05) were higher Kellgren-Lawrence osteoarthritis grade (2-4 vs 0-1); no baseline opioid, antidepressant, or anxiolytic medication use; and >3 nerves targeted. CONCLUSION: In this real-world cohort, approximately half of the participants experienced clinically meaningful improvements in knee pain after GNRFA at an average follow-up time of nearly 2 years. Factors associated with higher likelihood of treatment success were more advanced osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence Grade 2-4); no opioid, antidepressant, or anxiolytic medication use; and >3 nerves targeted.

The Impact of Hearing Loss on Health Care Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Individuals with hearing loss are at increased risk of having poor access to health care compared with hearing peers. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care access for adults with hearing loss in the United States was investigated through weighted analyses of the 2021 National Health Interview Survey. The association of hearing loss and disruptions to health care use during the pandemic was examined using multivariable logistic regression controlling for demographic characteristics including sex, race/ethnicity, education, socioeconomic status, insurance status, and medical comorbidities. Adults with hearing loss had significantly higher odds of reporting receiving no medical care (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-1.82, p < .001) or delayed medical care (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.43-1.71, p < .001) due to the pandemic. Individuals with hearing loss did not have higher odds of COVID-19 diagnosis or vaccination. Strategies should be developed to support adults with hearing loss to improve their access to care during public health emergencies.

Trends in Timing and Provision of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Care During COVID-19.

Objectives: To identify trends in timing of pediatric cochlear implant (CI) care during COVID-19. Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Tertiary care center. Methods: Patients under 18 years of age who underwent CI between 1/1/2016 and 2/29/2020 were included in the pre-COVID-19 group, and patients implanted between 3/1/2020 and 12/31/2021 comprised the COVID-19 group. Revision and sequential surgeries were excluded. Time intervals between care milestones including severe-to-profound hearing loss diagnosis, initial CI candidacy evaluation, and surgery were compared among groups, as were the number and type of postoperative visits. Results: A total of 98 patients met criteria; 70 were implanted pre-COVID-19 and 28 during COVID-19. A significant increase in the interval between CI candidacy evaluation and surgery was seen among patients with prelingual deafness during COVID-19 compared with pre-COVID-19 (µ = 47.3 weeks, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.8-59.9 vs µ = 20.5 weeks, 95% CI: 13.1-27.9; p < .001). Patients in the COVID-19 group attended fewer in-person rehabilitation visits in the 12 months after surgery (µ = 14.9 visits, 95% CI: 9.7-20.1 vs µ = 20.9, 95% CI: 18.1-23.7; p = .04). Average age at implantation in the COVID-19 group was 5.7 years (95% CI: 4.0-7.5) versus 3.7 years in the pre-COVID-19 group (95% CI: 2.9-4.6; p = .05). The time interval between hearing loss confirmation and CI surgery was on average 99.7 weeks for patients implanted during COVID-19 (95% CI: 48.8-150) versus 54.2 weeks for patients implanted pre-COVID (95% CI: 39.6-68.8), which was not a statistically significant difference (p = .1). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic patients with prelingual deafness experienced delays in care relative to patients implanted before the pandemic.

Bullying victimization in adolescents with hearing impairment.

OBJECTIVE: Children with disabilities may face increased social challenges among peers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between hearing loss and reports of bullying victimization among adolescents in the United States. METHODS: The 2021 National Health Interview Survey was a nationally representative cross-sectional survey administered to parents/caregivers of adolescent children ages 12 to 17. The effects of hearing loss on reports of bully victimization were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models, controlling for demographic characteristics including socioeconomic status and health status. RESULTS: Caregivers of 3207 adolescents completed the survey and their responses represented over 25 million children in weighted analyses. Among all respondents, 21% (95% confidence interval, CI 19%-23%) of caregivers reported that their child had been bullied at least once in the past 12 months. Among children with hearing loss, 34.4% (95% CI 21.1%-47.7%) were bullied. Hearing impairment was associated with increased odds of reporting bullying victimization (odds ratio, OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.03-4.07, p = 0.04) and children with hearing loss who do not use hearing aids had even greater odds of being bullied (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.18-4.86, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: In a nationally representative survey of caregivers for U.S. adolescents, hearing impairment among adolescents was associated with increased reported rates of bullying victimization. Further research is needed to investigate how anti-bully interventions can support this at-risk group.

Hearing Outcomes in Failed Newborn Hearing Screening Infants With and Without Chronic Serous Otitis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify outcomes in hearing loss (HL) diagnosis and intervention in infants with a failed newborn hearing screen (NBHS) and otitis media with effusion (OME) compared to those with failed NBHS and without OME. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Tertiary medical center. METHODS: A chart review was performed on infants referred to Primary Children's Hospital for failed NBHS from 2012 to 2018. Eighty infants with failed NBHS and OME and 55 with failed NBHS and no OME were included. Incidence of permanent HL along with the age of HL confirmation and early intervention (EI) enrollment were compared. RESULTS: The incidence of OME in infants with failed NBHS was 59.3%. Fifty-six percent of infants with OME and 12.5% of those without OME did not receive definitive hearing confirmation in either ear due to loss to follow-up or insufficient audiometric assessment. Permanent HL was identified in 11.3% (n = 9) of infants with OME and in 20.0% (n = 11) of those without OME. Infants with OME were significantly older at the time of HL confirmation (4.2 ± 2.1 months) and EI enrollment (5.4 ± 2.5 months) compared to those without OME at the time of HL confirmation (1.0 ± 1.0 months; p < .001) and EI enrollment (2.6 ± 1.8 months; p = .04). CONCLUSION: Infants with failed NBHS and OME are highly susceptible to a significant delay in HL confirmation or lack of confirmatory hearing tests. Timely OME resolution with earlier ventilation tube insertion by 3 months of age and follow-up audiologic assessment is recommended.

Results and patient satisfaction from an early access infant hearing detection clinic.

INTRODUCTION: National recommendations in the United States specify that all infants with hearing impairment should be identified by 3 months of age. Infants who fail universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) require follow up testing after hospital discharge. Follow up testing may be difficult to obtain in some communities within the ideal time frame. A rapid access multidisciplinary clinic was established for failed UNHS. The objective of this study is to report outcomes and patient satisfaction from an early access hearing detection clinic. METHODS: Infants that failed UNHS were seen in the multidisciplinary clinic between 1/1/19 and 2/28/22. Patients underwent automated auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing and consulted with an otolaryngology nurse practitioner. Failed results were followed by diagnostic ABR. Surveys were administered at the beginning and end of the appointment. RESULTS: In total, 169 infants were seen at a mean age of 8.4 weeks (95%CI 7.5, 9.4). Repeat testing was abnormal in 38 (22.4%). Diagnostic ABR was performed at an average age of 13.7 weeks (n = 34, 95% CI: 10.8, 16.6) and led to a diagnosis of hearing loss in 18 infants. Twenty-seven parents completed surveys at the initial visit. Anxiety level among patients with normal repeat testing (n = 20) decreased from 1.9 to 1.2 (p = .002), while anxiety level among those with abnormal repeat testing (n = 7) was not statistically different before and after (2.1 vs 2.7, p = .2). Satisfaction level was 3.7 ± 0.7 (scored 1-4). All parents reported having a better understanding of their child's hearing problem after the visit. DISCUSSION: This novel nurse practitioner-led early hearing detection clinic enabled timely diagnosis of hearing loss and reassurance to families without hearing loss. Age at hearing loss diagnosis compares favorably to published cohorts.

Alterations in BRCA2 as Determinants of Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer diagnoses and cancer-related deaths in the United States. Mutations or deletions in the genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) are common in aggressive primary PCa (germline alterations) and further enriched in advanced therapy-resistant PCa (somatic alterations). Among the DDR genes, BRCA2 is the most commonly altered (~ 13%) in advanced therapy-resistant PCa. Patients with BRCA2-altered PCas are exquisitely sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis). Indeed, two PARPis-olaparib and rucaparib have recently gained U.S. Food & Drug Administration approval for the treatment of advanced PCas harboring a BRCA2 mutation. This review seeks to explore the role of BRCA2 in DNA damage repair, the pathogenesis and progression of BRCA2 mutant PCa, and the utility of radiation therapy, targeted therapies, and platinum-based chemotherapies for patients with BRCA2 alterations.

Determining suicide risk in trauma patients using a universal screening program.

BACKGROUND: Trauma patients may be at elevated risk for subsequent suicide; however, it is unclear whether patients at risk can be identified during their initial presentation following injury. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of a standardized clinical decision support system for suicide risk screening developed by our hospital system and to determine the incidence of positive suicide screenings in our trauma population. METHODS: Adult trauma patient screenings were performed by nursing staff during the triage process using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, Clinical Practice Screener, Recent (C-SSRS). Adult trauma patients who had a suicide risk screening completed from February 2015 to November 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into cohorts consisting of those with positive and negative screening assessments. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test and a χ test where appropriate. RESULTS: Overall, 3,623 of 3,712 patients (98%) completed a suicide risk screening during the study period. Those who went unscreened were not evaluated due to altered mental status/intubation/emergent surgery (97%), death (1%), or an unwillingness to cooperate (2%). The suicide risk screening result was positive in 161 of 3,623 patients (4%) in the study cohort. On univariate analysis, patients with a positive suicide risk screen result were more likely to be white (43% vs 32%; p = 0.01), identify English as their primary language (91% vs 73%; p < 0.01), have insurance coverage (48% vs 28%; p < 0.01), and were more likely to initiate a low-level trauma activation (27% vs 16%; p <0.01) than those who had a negative screening result. A positive suicide risk assessment result was moderately associated with patients of white race (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.65) on multivariable logistic regression. CONCLUSION: Our universal suicide screening process identifies an at-risk subpopulation of trauma patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level III; therapeutic, level IV.

Moisture-Responsive Wrinkling Surfaces with Tunable Dynamics.

The wrinkle dynamics (such as reversibility and stability) of human skin are affected by the external stimuli, as well as the skin's structure and mechanical properties. Inspired by these tunable responses, three types of moisture-responsive wrinkle dynamics are achieved, for the first time, through a single film-substrate system. These dynamics include: (1) completely reversible wrinkles formation; (2) irreversible wrinkles formation I: the initially formed wrinkles can be permanently erased and never reappear; and (3) irreversible wrinkles formation II: once the wrinkles form, they can no longer be erased. The key to success is to control the stiffness and thickness ratios of the film and the substrate, and tailor the crosslink degree/gradient of the film to allow for moisture-dependent changes of modulus and swelling degree. These unique responsive dynamics motivate the invention of a series of optical devices triggered by moisture, including anticounterfeit tabs, encryption devices, water indicators, light diffusors, and antiglare films. This study also paves the road for further understanding of the skin wrinkling dynamics and manipulation.

Bio-inspired sensitive and reversible mechanochromisms via strain-dependent cracks and folds.

A number of marine organisms use muscle-controlled surface structures to achieve rapid changes in colour and transparency with outstanding reversibility. Inspired by these display tactics, we develop analogous deformation-controlled surface-engineering approaches via strain-dependent cracks and folds to realize the following four mechanochromic devices: (1) transparency change mechanochromism (TCM), (2) luminescent mechanochromism (LM), (3) colour alteration mechanochromism (CAM) and (4) encryption mechanochromism (EM). These devices are based on a simple bilayer system that exhibits a broad range of mechanochromic behaviours with high sensitivity and reversibility. The TCM device can reversibly switch between transparent and opaque states. The LM can emit intensive fluorescence as stretched with very high strain sensitivity. The CAM can turn fluorescence from green to yellow to orange as stretched within 20% strain. The EM device can reversibly reveal and conceal any desirable patterns.